Biogenesis of β-barrel membrane proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes: evolutionary conservation and divergence

Membrane-embedded β-barrel proteins span the membrane via multiple amphipathic β-strands arranged in a cylindrical shape. These proteins are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. This situation is thought to reflect the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from Gram-negative bacterial endosymbionts. β-barrel proteins fulfil a variety of functions; among them are pore-forming proteins that allow the flux of metabolites across the membrane by passive diffusion, active transporters of siderophores, enzymes, structural proteins, and proteins that mediate protein translocation across or insertion into membranes. The biogenesis process of these proteins combines evolutionary conservation of the central elements with some noticeable differences in signals and machineries. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the functions and biogenesis of this special family of proteins.     

家用半导体热泵冷热两用的可行性分析

通过理论分析证明 ,目前用的电加热膜采暖如改成半导体热泵采暖 ,热端用作采暖 ,冷端用作小冷库 ,一举两得 ,供暖系数可达 1.5～ 2 ,并通过计算得出在保证采暖的同时 ,可以产生 2 755W的冷量     

脱盐水处理工艺的经济技术比较

从脱盐水处理工艺、投资、运行成本和环保等方面,对离子交换处理方案与膜法处理方案进行了经济技术比较。     

纳滤技术在制药业废碱回收中的应用研究

文中研究一种新型纳滤膜对大孔树脂再生废碱液的过滤纯化作用。工业废碱的碱含量为2％-3％，COD在5000-10000mg／L之间，透光度为10％以下。通过S-357纳滤膜，可回收用于树脂再生的稀碱液。稀碱液的碱含量为2％，COD在400mg／L以下，透光度接近100％。纳虑过滤过程通量稳定，简单的化学清洗可恢复通量。     

Membrane sorption property effects on transmembrane permeation

A theoretical study was carried out into membrane transport phenomena.Formulae for calculating the membrane transport resistance and transmembrane mass flux were given,variations in membrane resistance and moisture flux with the membrane sorption constant(C)under various humidity conditions were analyzed,and the value of C corresponding to the minimum membrane resistance or the maximum moisture flux was obtained.The results show that the membrane resistance and moisture flux relate not only to C but also to the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.As C increases,membrane resistance initially decreases but then increases,i.e.,a minimum occurs,while the moisture flux first decreases and then increases,i.e.,a maximum occurs.The membrane resistance and moisture flux reach their extrema at the same value of C,which is determined by the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.To reduce the membrane resistance,the value of C should be chosen based on the humidity conditions.     

An organic junction between the vein and membrane of the dragonfly wing

A dragonfly wing consists of membranes and both longitudinal and cross veins. We observed the microstructure cross-section at several locations in the dragonfly wing using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The organic nature of the junction between the vein and the membrane was clearly identifiable. The membrane was divided into two layers, the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis. These layers extend around the sandwich structure vein, and combine with the adjacent membrane at a symmetrical location along the vein. Thus, we defined this as an organic junction between the vein and the membranes. The organic junction is able to form a tight corrugation angle, which dramatically increases both the warping rigidity and the strength of the wing, but not the torsional rigidity. The torsional deformation is primarily controlled by the microstructure of the longitudinal veins, and is based on the relative rotation angle between the epidermal layer and the inner layer of the vein that forms the zigzag section.     

负载金属离子ZSM-5分子筛膜脱除苯并噻吩-二苯并噻吩的性能

采用水热合成法制备ZSM-5分子筛膜,并通过负载金属离子对其进行改性。通过X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的膜进行表征。将所制得的ZSM-5分子筛膜经过负载金属离子改性后用于模拟汽油中苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩二元硫化物的分离,考察负载离子种类、负载离子浓度和操作温度对二元硫化物竞争吸附和渗透通量的影响,并应用软硬酸碱理论(HSAB)分析吸附能力的强弱。结果表明:当Ag+浓度为0.2 mol/L时硫化物的分离因子最高可达1.31;随着操作温度的升高,ZSM-5分子筛膜渗透通量逐渐增大而分离因子逐渐减小。     

MFI型分子筛膜晶内孔道的在线CVD调变

采用在线化学气相沉积(CVD)法对全硅MFI型分子筛膜进行晶内孔道修饰,考察晶间缺陷对膜晶内孔道修饰效果的影响。采用硅烷水解法对缺陷较多的膜进行缺陷孔的修补,结合扫描电子显微(SEM),观察膜微结构的变化。结果表明:分子筛膜表面缺陷显著影响晶内孔道调变效果。500℃时,缺陷较少的膜经晶内修饰后H2/CO2分离因子由修饰前的2.7提高到42.3,H2渗透性由2.25×10-7mol/(m2.s.Pa)降至1.52×10-7mol/(m2.s.Pa)。经缺陷修补后的分子筛膜,其晶内修饰后的H2/CO2分离因子比未修补的膜有一定幅度的提高。     

Modeling and Experimental Study of PEM Fuel Cell Transient Response for Automotive Applications

This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic response of a low pressure proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack to step changes in load, which are characteristic of automotive fuel cell system applications. The goal is a better understanding of the electrical and electrochemical processes when accounting for the characteristic cell voltage response during transients. The analysis and experiment are based on a low pressure 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, which is similar to those used in several of Tsinghua's fuel cell buses. The experimental results provide an effective improvement reference for the power train control scheme of the fuel cell buses in Olympic demonstration in Beijing 2008.